Multidisciplinary Analysis of the Psychophysical Dynamics of Sufi Rituals

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the psychophysiological, neurocognitive, social, and anthropological dimensions of jahri dhikr (audible remembrance) within the Sufi tradition. Dhikr is examined not merely as a religious ritual but as a multidimensional psychophysical phenomenon that directly influences human consciousness and the body. The study explores the historical and theological debates surrounding dhikr-i jahr (audible dhikr) and dhikr-i khafi (silent dhikr), with particular attention given to the collective, vocal, and movement-based practices of the Yasawiyya order. Drawing upon contemporary scientific research, the article explains the effects of repetitive sound, rhythm, movement, and breathing on the nervous system, emotional regulation, and altered states of consciousness. Furthermore,         it          analyzes          the       sociopsychological significance of collective dhikr, the role of the ritual space of the halqa in intensifying transcendent experiences, and the philosophical debates concerning the place of the body in religious experience. The findings demonstrate that dhikr is not merely a symbolic act but an effective psychosomatic practice that shapes consciousness, emotions, and social bonds.